X-ray Reference

Reference library

NIH Chest X-ray Reference Library

Browse reference chest X-rays from a curated NIH-derived subset, inspect represented labels, and jump into deeper reading where topic pages exist.

Source: Images in this library come from the NIH Chest X-ray dataset. Use the library to browse patterns and examples — not as a diagnostic tool.

Browse by topic

Atelectasis

Atelectasis means part of the lung is not fully expanded. It can happen from shallow breathing, mucus blockage, or pressure around the lung and is not the same thing as an infection by itself.

View image examples Open topic page

Cardiomegaly

Cardiomegaly means the heart appears enlarged on the chest X-ray. It is a descriptive imaging finding that can be related to heart strain, chronic pressure or volume changes, or even projection effects.

View image examples Open topic page

Consolidation

Consolidation refers to air-space filling that makes part of the lung appear denser on imaging.

View image examples Open topic page

COPD / Emphysema

COPD and emphysema are chronic lung diseases that can change chest X-ray appearance but are not diagnosed by X-ray alone.

View image examples Open topic page

Fracture

Fracture is a break or structural disruption in bone that may be obvious or subtle on X-ray.

Image samples not available yetOpen topic page

Heart Failure

Heart failure is a clinical syndrome in which the heart cannot pump or fill effectively enough to meet the body’s needs.

Image samples not available yetOpen topic page

Lung Opacity

Lung opacity is a broad imaging term for an area of increased density in the lung.

Image samples not available yetOpen topic page

Mass

A mass is a larger focal opacity or lesion seen on the image. It is a descriptive finding that can have several causes and usually needs more imaging or clinical context to characterize.

View image examples Open topic page

Nodule

A nodule is a small rounded opacity in the lung or chest field. It is a descriptive imaging finding that can be benign or more concerning depending on size, appearance, and context.

View image examples Open topic page

Pleural Effusion

Pleural effusion means extra fluid has collected around the lung in the pleural space. It can happen with heart problems, infection, inflammation, or other underlying conditions.

View image examples Open topic page

Pneumonia

Pneumonia is an infection of the lung tissue, often caused by bacteria, viruses, or less commonly fungi. On chest X-ray it can appear as focal or patchy air-space opacity, though imaging alone does not always prove the cause.

View image examples Open topic page

Pneumothorax

Pneumothorax means air is present outside the lung in the pleural space, which can allow part of the lung to collapse. It is an important imaging finding because the size and clinical impact can vary widely.

View image examples Open topic page

Pulmonary Edema

Pulmonary edema refers to fluid accumulation within the lungs, often linked to cardiac or noncardiac causes.

Image samples not available yetOpen topic page

Support Devices

Support devices on chest X-ray include lines, tubes, and implanted hardware whose position may affect safety and management.

Image samples not available yetOpen topic page

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that can affect the lungs and create chest imaging abnormalities, but imaging alone cannot confirm it.

Image samples not available yetOpen topic page

Finding

All findings Atelectasis Cardiomegaly Consolidation EdemaEffusionEmphysema Fibrosis Hernia

Showing up to 90 reference images for Effusion.

PAT-86C8 · IMG-000

Effusion
PAT-86C8 · IMG-000
PA

PAT-4639 · IMG-021

Effusion
PAT-4639 · IMG-021
PA

PAT-E81B · IMG-000

Effusion
PAT-E81B · IMG-000
PA

PAT-40F9 · IMG-004

Effusion
PAT-40F9 · IMG-004
PA

PAT-C051 · IMG-006

Effusion
PAT-C051 · IMG-006
PA

PAT-23DE · IMG-001

Effusion
PAT-23DE · IMG-001
PA

PAT-C0E5 · IMG-002

Effusion
PAT-C0E5 · IMG-002
PA

PAT-C0E5 · IMG-006

Effusion
PAT-C0E5 · IMG-006
AP

PAT-C0E5 · IMG-007

Effusion
PAT-C0E5 · IMG-007
AP

PAT-C0E5 · IMG-008

Effusion
PAT-C0E5 · IMG-008
AP

PAT-C0E5 · IMG-011

Effusion
PAT-C0E5 · IMG-011
AP

PAT-50E5 · IMG-002

Effusion
PAT-50E5 · IMG-002
PA

PAT-50E5 · IMG-007

Effusion
PAT-50E5 · IMG-007
AP

PAT-2F67 · IMG-000

Effusion
PAT-2F67 · IMG-000
PA

PAT-08D1 · IMG-000

Effusion
PAT-08D1 · IMG-000
PA

PAT-EE1F · IMG-000

Effusion
PAT-EE1F · IMG-000
PA

PAT-EE1F · IMG-001

Effusion
PAT-EE1F · IMG-001
PA

PAT-3795 · IMG-003

Effusion
PAT-3795 · IMG-003
AP

PAT-3795 · IMG-008

Effusion
PAT-3795 · IMG-008
PA

PAT-988D · IMG-009

Effusion
PAT-988D · IMG-009
AP

PAT-2FEB · IMG-002

Effusion
PAT-2FEB · IMG-002
PA

PAT-2FEB · IMG-006

Effusion
PAT-2FEB · IMG-006
PA

PAT-D3FB · IMG-002

Effusion
PAT-D3FB · IMG-002
PA

PAT-D3FB · IMG-003

Effusion
PAT-D3FB · IMG-003
PA

PAT-D3FB · IMG-008

Effusion
PAT-D3FB · IMG-008
AP

PAT-D3FB · IMG-009

Effusion
PAT-D3FB · IMG-009
PA

PAT-D3FB · IMG-012

Effusion
PAT-D3FB · IMG-012
PA

PAT-736E · IMG-001

Effusion
PAT-736E · IMG-001
AP

PAT-736E · IMG-002

Effusion
PAT-736E · IMG-002
AP

PAT-736E · IMG-003

Effusion
PAT-736E · IMG-003
AP

PAT-736E · IMG-004

Effusion
PAT-736E · IMG-004
AP

PAT-736E · IMG-005

Effusion
PAT-736E · IMG-005
AP

PAT-736E · IMG-006

Effusion
PAT-736E · IMG-006
AP

PAT-736E · IMG-008

Effusion
PAT-736E · IMG-008
AP

PAT-736E · IMG-009

Effusion
PAT-736E · IMG-009
AP

PAT-736E · IMG-011

Effusion
PAT-736E · IMG-011
AP

PAT-736E · IMG-020

Effusion
PAT-736E · IMG-020
AP

PAT-736E · IMG-022

Effusion
PAT-736E · IMG-022
AP

PAT-736E · IMG-028

Effusion
PAT-736E · IMG-028
AP

PAT-736E · IMG-033

Effusion
PAT-736E · IMG-033
AP

PAT-736E · IMG-036

Effusion
PAT-736E · IMG-036
AP

PAT-43CF · IMG-000

Effusion
PAT-43CF · IMG-000
PA

PAT-43CF · IMG-001

Effusion
PAT-43CF · IMG-001
PA

PAT-B708 · IMG-015

Effusion
PAT-B708 · IMG-015
PA

PAT-F079 · IMG-006

Effusion
PAT-F079 · IMG-006
PA

PAT-F079 · IMG-007

Effusion
PAT-F079 · IMG-007
PA

PAT-3B21 · IMG-002

Effusion
PAT-3B21 · IMG-002
AP

PAT-3B21 · IMG-003

Effusion
PAT-3B21 · IMG-003
AP

PAT-3B21 · IMG-004

Effusion
PAT-3B21 · IMG-004
AP

PAT-3B21 · IMG-005

Effusion
PAT-3B21 · IMG-005
AP

PAT-3B21 · IMG-007

Effusion
PAT-3B21 · IMG-007
AP

PAT-2109 · IMG-003

Effusion
PAT-2109 · IMG-003
PA

PAT-A1E2 · IMG-003

Effusion
PAT-A1E2 · IMG-003
PA

PAT-4F55 · IMG-001

Effusion
PAT-4F55 · IMG-001
PA

PAT-BA68 · IMG-000

Effusion
PAT-BA68 · IMG-000
PA

PAT-6110 · IMG-002

Effusion
PAT-6110 · IMG-002
PA

PAT-6110 · IMG-003

Effusion
PAT-6110 · IMG-003
PA

PAT-E0E5 · IMG-003

Effusion
PAT-E0E5 · IMG-003
AP

PAT-E0E5 · IMG-005

Effusion
PAT-E0E5 · IMG-005
AP

PAT-E0E5 · IMG-019

Effusion
PAT-E0E5 · IMG-019
AP

PAT-E0E5 · IMG-042

Effusion
PAT-E0E5 · IMG-042
AP

PAT-E0E5 · IMG-058

Effusion
PAT-E0E5 · IMG-058
AP

PAT-E0E5 · IMG-059

Effusion
PAT-E0E5 · IMG-059
AP

PAT-E0E5 · IMG-060

Effusion
PAT-E0E5 · IMG-060
AP

PAT-1F19 · IMG-012

Effusion
PAT-1F19 · IMG-012
PA

PAT-1F19 · IMG-025

Effusion
PAT-1F19 · IMG-025
AP

PAT-1F19 · IMG-026

Effusion
PAT-1F19 · IMG-026
AP

PAT-1F19 · IMG-028

Effusion
PAT-1F19 · IMG-028
PA

PAT-1F19 · IMG-029

Effusion
PAT-1F19 · IMG-029
PA

PAT-1F19 · IMG-032

Effusion
PAT-1F19 · IMG-032
PA

PAT-C429 · IMG-002

Effusion
PAT-C429 · IMG-002
AP

PAT-C429 · IMG-006

Effusion
PAT-C429 · IMG-006
AP

PAT-C4F1 · IMG-008

Effusion
PAT-C4F1 · IMG-008
AP

PAT-3407 · IMG-013

Effusion
PAT-3407 · IMG-013
PA

PAT-B7F7 · IMG-002

Effusion
PAT-B7F7 · IMG-002
AP

PAT-0EB4 · IMG-012

Effusion
PAT-0EB4 · IMG-012
PA

PAT-B4EC · IMG-001

Effusion
PAT-B4EC · IMG-001
PA

PAT-969C · IMG-009

Effusion
PAT-969C · IMG-009
AP

PAT-34DD · IMG-000

Effusion
PAT-34DD · IMG-000
PA

PAT-A96D · IMG-002

Effusion
PAT-A96D · IMG-002
PA

PAT-2519 · IMG-018

Effusion
PAT-2519 · IMG-018
AP

PAT-CD86 · IMG-012

Effusion
PAT-CD86 · IMG-012
PA

PAT-CD86 · IMG-018

Effusion
PAT-CD86 · IMG-018
PA

PAT-CD86 · IMG-019

Effusion
PAT-CD86 · IMG-019
PA

PAT-CD86 · IMG-032

Effusion
PAT-CD86 · IMG-032
AP

PAT-504D · IMG-000

Effusion
PAT-504D · IMG-000
PA

PAT-6AC8 · IMG-001

Effusion
PAT-6AC8 · IMG-001
PA

PAT-6AC8 · IMG-002

Effusion
PAT-6AC8 · IMG-002
AP

PAT-299B · IMG-000

Effusion
PAT-299B · IMG-000
PA

PAT-9EE7 · IMG-001

Effusion
PAT-9EE7 · IMG-001
PA